Most people are above average
Every year thousands of people think they’ve Got Talent or believe they can win The X-Factor. Every year the producers of these shows delight in showing how deluded most contestants are. So why is it that below-average people think they are above-average? Before I get onto the answer I should explain why I am writing about this.
I’m a big fan of podcasts. I find it hard to fit in reading a newspaper these days. As a result the radio and podcasts tend to be my main line to the outside world. One of my favourites is Tim Harford’s More or Less podcast for BBC’s Radio4 for three key reasons:
- He’s great at presenting numbers and statistics in an appealing way. He’s written a couple of excellent books: The Undercover Economist and The Logic of Life and is also an journialist for the FT.
- I am an engineer at heart, so there’s nothing I enjoy more than the occasional mathematical/statistical conundrum to get get my brain ticking.
- This podcast is all about getting beneath the statistics that we hear/read about everyday. The first company I started, straight out of university, was the research business, FreshMinds. So being a self-taught researcher I am constantly infuriated by the way statistics are misinterpreted and misunderstood by the media. It’s not simply a case of tyring to sell newspapers, it’s also a general lack of understanding that creates hyperbole and false headlines. Tim’s podcasts put the stats back in their place.
I frequently send emails to the researchers at FreshMinds telling them that this is required reading for anyone who uses numbers to help inform decision making. If that’s you, then please do check it out: More or Less .
Anyway, this morning, during a run around Hyde Park I managed to catch up with two episodes: Forecasting the Future and Poisonous Pork and it was the former that got me thinking about The X-Factor:
In this podcast they explain why forecasters are in general little more accurate with their predictions than a monkey throwing darts and also give a simple explanation of the Lake Wobegon Effect. This is the name given to the tendency for us all to believe we’re better than average. In particular they discussed an experiment involving two groups. The first contained 50 drivers who had been in accidents (most of whom had been found to be at fault by the courts) and the second, control group was 50 normal drivers of similar ages. Despite their accidents, individuals from the first group, remained just as likely to call themselves “better than average drivers” as the control.
This is an important issue in the research world. People often misrepresent their actions and capabilities when asked. It is perhaps why so many people think they can sing, when they can’t and it’s a good reminder of the importance of ethnographic or observational research – measuring what people actually do, rather than what they claim. And the link to social media (that’s why you’re reading this blog, right?) is that watching people take part in a research community over a long-period of time can help you better understand the bias and misreporting inherent in any data you collect.
Poisonous Pork
The second episode, Poisonous Pork also had a few great items. Best of all was the proof (if it were needed) that we humans are no good at making decisions based on a proper understanding of risk, they discuss a recent pork scare that led to 100,000 Irish pigs being destroyed. The action was taken due to concerns about dioxins in the pork. However given the amount of sausages you’d have to eat to be at risk from dioxin poisoning, the fat in the sausages is actually a more significant health risk than the dioxins that caused the scare.
The twist at the end of the tail was that a Professor of Food Safety was interviewed. He proudly explained how he was able to test some pork sausages from his fridge and prove there was no risk. But then was forced to admit on air that his wife had thrown them out as they preferred not to “take a risk if they didn’t have to”.
Thus proving that you don’t have to be a deluded talent show contestant to act irrationally.
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